ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between anemia and neuropsychological development in various domains among preschool children in China.@*Methods@#Data came from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children in China, and 3 261 preschool children aged 2-6 years and their parents from 28 sites across 14 provinces were recruited in this study. Parental and child characteristics were obtained by interview administrated questionnaires. Blood hemoglobin(Hb) concentration was determined by Hemocue method. Neuropsychological development quotients were assessed using the Development Scale for Children Aged 0-6 Years(WS/T 580-2017).@*Results@#The average Hb level was (125.23±11.49)g/L and the overall anemia prevalence was 10.30% among preschool children. After adjusting the confounding factors(sex, age, ethnicity, region, feeding mode, maternal status during pregnancy, etc), developmental quotients of gross motor( β=-2.15, 95%CI =-3.89--0.41), fine motor( β=-2.46, 95%CI =-4.12--0.79), adaptive behavior( β=-2.59, 95%CI =-4.42--0.76), language( β=-3.65, 95%CI =-5.53--1.78), personal social behavior( β=-3.11, 95%CI =-4.94--1.28) and full scale( β=-2.79, 95%CI =-4.10--1.49) among children with anemia were significantly lower than non anemic infants( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Anemia was negatively associated with developmental quotient, as well as five domains of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior, language, and personal social behavior in preschool children aged 2-6 years. It is suggested to carry out the work of anemia monitoring and intervention in preschool children to further improve their neuropsychological development.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To investigate the changes of vaspin and TNF-α levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) after non-surgical periodontal treatment.@*Methods@#60 subjects were divided into 4 groups: DM-CP group (patients with both T2DM and CP, n=15); CP group (CP patients without T2DM, n=15); DM group (T2DM patients without CP, n=15), and CTRL group (systemically and periodontally healthy individuals, n=15). The clinical parameters of periodontal tissue and GCF were measured before and 8 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment. @*Results@#The levels of vaspin and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. The levels of vaspin and TNF-α in CP group were significantly higher than those in CTRL group (P < 0.05), while the levels of vaspin and TNF-α in CP group were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the total amount of vaspin and the total amount of TNF-α, the level of HbA1c, gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion @#The results shows that vaspin and TNF-α are greatly decreased in periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal treatment. It suggests that vaspin and TNF-α in GCF may serve as inflammatory markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes and periodontitis.